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Ancient Monuments of Siponto

Several findings, including the most significant are the stars Daunian, slabs carved funeral VIII - VI centuries BC, show that the plain south of the Gargano was inhabited since Neolithic times. The area was the site of an important settlement dauno, Siponto, which was later Hellenized and became one of the more northern ports of Magna Graecia. At this period the legend of a foundation by the Homeric hero Diomedes. First conquered by the Samnites and later by Alexander of Epirus in 335 BC, became a Roman colony in 189 BC, while keeping alive its strategic and commercial importance.

episcopal seat from 465, was an important center Siponto between the fourth and fifth century and was built there an early Christian basilica. A long period between the Lombards and Byzantines, was destroyed by them in the seventh century during the reign of Constans II. Rebuilt was briefly belonged to Saracens in the ninth century and became home to one of 12 counties Norman.

Siponto suffered heavy destruction to the earthquakes of 1223 in 1255, after which there were probably bradyseism phenomena that brought down the city in ruins.

Text taken from the article "Manfredonia", which is part of the encyclopedia Wikipedia and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution / Share-Alike License

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Swabian-Angevin-Aragonese Castle

Wanted by Manfred of Sicily at the time of the founding of the city, the castle is the result of several changes, additions and renovations during different eras. Originally the structure was a square with a wall with five towers and a square (four corners and a presumably on the north-east from the central door). Currently there are only four of those towers of which only the south-east has maintained the original square shape, while the other three have been merged into cylindrical structures. Swabian brand of clear, the first castle was completed by Charles I of Anjou.

In Aragonese period witnessed a radical transformation of the complex, as part of an overall project of fortification of the defensive structures of the major coastal cities. It was in fact willing to build a new curtain wall enclosing the original structure and has a slight tilt to the slope to make it more responsive to the needs arising from use of the art defense artillery soldier. At the corners are four cylindrical towers built lower than those inside. After the attack in 1528 the French marshal Lautrec the tower's north-west bastion was modified by incorporating the previous structure to a cylindrical shape. The other three towers were interested in the project of fortification, but this was never completed. In 1620 the castle attack of the Turks had to capitulate because of the paucity of guns and why no protective railings are sufficiently high to ensure the safety of defenders.

During the eighteenth century the building was used as barracks and the great bastion in prison. During the reign of the Bourbons, and in the subsequent period until 1884 the castle was held in efficiency as Manfredonia is regarded as a stronghold . From 1888 until 1901, when the building was purchased by the town of Manfredonia, belonged to the orphanage military in Naples.

In 1968, Presidential Decree of June 21 No 952, the castle was donated by the City's commitment to the State, by the latter, set up inside a museum to preserve artifacts from the surrounding area. The current Archeological Museum stele dating Daunian VIII-VI century BC).

religious architecture

Cathedral Cathedral Manfredonia

Named after the city's patron saint Lorenzo Maiorano, who was bishop of Siponto between the late fifth century and the middle of the sixth, was built between 1270 and the 1274, but only moved there in 1324 the diocesan chapter. In 1620 it was destroyed by the Ottomans. The present building dates from the episcopate of Antonio Marullo (1643-1648). It preserves the relics of the patron saint of the city and some works of art in the twentieth century shifted from other churches in the area, including the ancient icon of Our Lady of Siponto, polychrome wooden statue of the Byzantine Madonna said eyed or The Sipontina and powerful thirteenth century wooden crucifix.

Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore Siponto

built over an early Christian church (itself a reworking of a classical temple), the church is evidenced by the 1117 and acquitted functions Siponto Cathedral until 1323. It looks like a building in Romanesque style with a square, built over a crypt which reproduces the structure. For security reasons, the main vestments including the icon of Our Lady of Siponto and the statue of the Madonna eyed are now kept in the cathedral town. In 1977 he erected a minor basilica.

Abbey of San Leonardo

Founded in the twelfth century, Volara Lama, a 10 km. from the town, consists of a church in the eleventh century Romanesque style with Byzantine influences, and the remains of the abbey and ' hospital, which for centuries has fulfilled the role as a resting place for pilgrims along the Via Sacra Longobardorum to the sanctuary of St. Michael the Archangel, on the slopes of the Gargano.

Both the portal is kept outside a series of sculptures and bas-reliefs depicting biblical and significant elements of medieval mysticism.

Church of San Domenico

The chapel, made of an apse, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, adjoining the Church of San Domenico and the Convent of the Friars Preachers was prepared by Charles II of Anjou in 1294. After the devastation of 1620 by the Turks, the complex was rebuilt shortly after the old building. The new design reduced the eighteenth-century church with a nave, as it appears today. The side walls of the nave are filled with six altars in Baroque style, although within the Church are numerous references to the Romanesque, the Gothic facade has been restored and its rose restored in 1960, and the old chapel preserves four precious wall frescoes of the fourteenth century.

Convent of Santa Maria della Vittoria

Built in 1571 and destroyed by the Turks in 1620, was rebuilt in 1662. In the title commemorates the victory of the Christians against the Turks in the naval battle of Lepanto in the same year of the foundation. Here in 1575 he converted St. Camillus de Lellis who lived in the novitiate. In 1811 the monastery was closed down and incorporated in the present with the adjoining church cemetery. Among the surviving rooms, the more attractive is the cloister.

Church of the Holy Family Parish Holy Family

in the 80

Founded in 1982, is characterized by the majestic Ambrose Zamparo mosaic artist, depicting the Nativity, the Trinity, Christ, New Jerusalem, the Baptism of Jesus and scenes from the Gospels. The wooden icon of the crucifix is \u200b\u200bthe work of Matt Mangano. Other churches

• Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Stella Maris
• Church of San Camillo de Lellis
• Church of St. Charles Borromeo Church of San Giuseppe
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• Church of San Michele Arcangelo
• Church of Santa Maria del Carmine
• Holy Spirit Church of the Holy Redeemer Church
• Holy Trinity Church of the Holy Saviour Church
• Church of Santa Maria Regina
• Church of Santa Maria del Grano
• Church of Corpus Christi Church of San Benedetto
• Church of St. Francis of Assisi
• St. Andrew's Church
• Church of San Francesco da Paola
• Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie Church of San Matteo

Buildings Civil

Palazzo San Domenico

located in Piazza del Popolo, is the town hall. Characterized by a colonnade and loggia, was the convent of the Dominicans, who at the end of the thirteenth century until the Napoleonic era lived in the officiating in the adjoining Church (Church of San Domenico).

Palace Mettola

Archdiocese Of course Manfredi and so was the Family De Florio, which remembers Sister Antonia, who in 1592 turned his home in the convent of Poor Clares.

De Palazzo Nicastro

The building, in late Baroque style, stands on a forum. In this building had its birth the musician and historian Michael Bellucci (1849-1944).

Palazzo Della Gloves

in Via San Lorenzo, in late baroque style. This palace was inhabited in 1432 by the Teutonic Knights of St. Leonard. It is characterized in the central part by an elegant porch with vaulted ceilings in columns that dominate the entrance archway to. Inside is a lovely courtyard with stairs leading to the porch, where he kept a wooden crucifix of the eighteenth century witnessed a popular tradition. After a jump of more than three centuries came to the family of the Marquis of gloves.

Palace Celestini

Ongoing Manfredi, since 1350 the Celestine monastery was changed into an abbey in 1657. In the eighteenth century was demolished and rebuilt according to the dictates of the Baroque that is admired today. In 1813 it was granted to the City by Joachim Murat to use the Town Hall. After recent restoration work is now the seat of the Civic Libraries and unified 's Municipal Auditorium .

Palazzo De Florio

patrician villa in the Baroque style, was built by wealthy merchants Siponto in contact with Lorenzo the Magnificent and the European merchants of the Renaissance. The arcade, dating back to the palace of pure classical line, consists of a series of arches on pillars insistent rectangular frames with simple tax. Everything is covered by a series of vaults.

Palace of Saints

In via Santa Maria delle Grazie, dating from the eighteenth century. This building features a finely carved stone portal in the form and elegant rococo balustrade continuous perimeter wall that overlooks the first floor balcony with valuable solution corner. Hosted Ferdinand II, King of Sicily in 1859.

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History of Manfredonia Manfredonia Manfredonia

Foundation Manfredonia

In January 1256 the King of Sicily and the Prince of Manfredi arrived at Taranto Siponto during a hunt in the Gargano, found the city destroyed and residents forced to live in residential homes is no longer suitable for use in an area made dall'impaludamento malaria. He decided to rebuild the city two miles north of the original settlement. His intentions were twofold: first, to create one of the most important centers of government throughout the Kingdom, according to well-established administrative fees advanced by his father, Emperor Frederick II, and second, controlling the territory whose position was Strategic also due to the proximity to the East the Byzantine Empire. The

gave his name as a sign of future prestige, honor and power. In March, the work was entrusted to the master builder Marino Capece, who reused the remains of the oldest city and arranged the import of timber by sea from Slavonia, lime stones and sand. Altogether 700 workers were employed, and many cattle. On April 23 1256, St George's Day, the first stone was laid in 1257, Parliament convened in Barletta in Apulia, Manfredi got to build the new royal city at the expense of the exchequer and his private box. In November 1263 he was awarded the Datum Orte, that the deed by which the city was officially recognized. Manfredi then entrusted the work to his uncle Manfred Maletta.

At the beginning of 1258 had been built half of the wall that look towards the sea and Foggia, forts and ramparts, and the great tower of St. Francis, the small church of Mary Magdalene and the great bell, the sound was perceptible in large distances, this was used in case of danger to to rally the few residents of Manfredonia. Manfredi solemnly inaugurated in 1264 the castle and the city. The new city was

tax benefits (exemptions) that made it a free port and its population grew by transferring people from the nearby city of San Paolo di Civitate, Trani, Carpino, Monte Sant'Angelo, Barletta, Ischitella Andria and Corato. Since its establishment was equipped with a mint and coined several imprinted coins (double tari, dinars of gold, copper and bullion).

The Angevin period

from the Castle of Manfredonia

With the battle of Benevento in 1266, which marked Manfredi's death and the passage of his possessions to Charles of Anjou, Anjou's completed the castle under the direction of master builder and superintendent Onofrio Jordan architect Pierre d'Angicourt. In 1269 Charles I confirmed the privileges which gave the city Manfredi. On February 7, 1270 work began on the new cathedral under Archbishop John VII (arrow from Ravello).

In 1272 Pope Gregory X Manfredonia and this time he visited Charles Pope was placed on the advice of a plaque at Porta Puglia and renamed the new city by the name of Sypontum Novellum or Sipontum Nova, which name, however, not stated. The

May 7, 1273 Charles I back in town, built at the expense of the city an additional tower to the north side and refine the walls of two orders, making them viable by building a road between the first and second wall, between 1279 and 1282 was completed with the castle ramparts, walls and moat.

In 1274 the cathedral was finished and the next year, meeting the Manfredonia parliament decided that the archbishop took possession of the cathedral as Pastor Bonus and the city settled the Magistrate. Since 1256 many canonical and other Siponto officiated at Manfredonia, this discord lasted until 1327. ^{[ unclear ]} Charles II, who succeeded Charles I, ordered the construction of other three towers along the walls and altered the original plan of the Castle of Manfred with the use of the French system to have a better defense. ^{[ unclear ]} In 1292 Charles II established the boundaries of the city and placed the defense in 1299 and began work on the construction of the port and the episcopate, which was finished only in 1316.

The city lost some of his privileges and in 1300, transferring to San Severo the seat of the Grand Justiciary, he lost the title of capital of Puglia ( Apuliae caput). Despite this, the city was going to become the most important commercial center of the captains ^[] . The strategic importance of the port Siponto is attested by the numerous trips made by real Anjou: in 1309 we embarked Charles Robert d'Anjou of Hungary to occupy the throne by right of succession, July 31, 1333 Charles Robert and his son Andrea landed at Manfredonia and in 1344, Queen Elizabeth, third wife of Charles Robert and sailed away to reach Visgrad, Poland. The Hungarians settled in Manfredonia making the port the basis of their military operations: Louis I the Great, king of Hungary and his army landed on 18 September 1345 following the assassination of his brother Andrew.

On May 6, 1380 the Gulf of Manfredonia was the scene of a fierce naval battle between the fleets of Genoa and Venice, which saw the dominance of the first, which made the prisoner Admiral of the Venetian Republic, Matteo Giustiniani. On August 13, 1380 died in the famous admiral Manfredonia Vettor Pisani Venetian while his army was at anchor in the Gulf of Manfredonia. The period

Aragonese English-

During the fifteenth century the Aragonese to conform to the times and new defensive tactics built other towers. From 1424 to 1435, Manfredonia was granted to Francesco Sforza in the county. From the middle of the '400

with King Alfonso the city of Manfredonia began loading the impoverished inhabitants of taxes and levies, and so the Aragonese, Austrians and the Bourbons. In 1444 the city touched the expenses of the coronation King Alfonso and King Ferdinand in 1459 gave a pledge in the city with other cities in Puglia to the Venetians. In 1463 the city was looted of King Ferdinand.

In 1503 the French occupied Naples and many cities of the kingdom. Only Manfredonia Taranto and remained faithful to the end to Frederick of Aragon. During the Diaspora between Venice and Spain won the first major ports including Manfredonia Puglia on a pledge by Ferdinand II of Aragon. Resistance to French

Manfredonia hosted Caesar and Guido Fieramosca when the French marshal Lautrec invaded the Kingdom of Naples. Guido was fighting against the Venetians in Puglia after they were regaining all cities except Manfredonia, defended by Charlotte of Parma said the Knight, by Alessio Lascari and Pier Luigi Farnese and the same Fieramosca. Three cities resisted France: Manfredonia, Gaeta and Naples. The Lautrec unable to conquer the city operated the raids in the surrounding countryside until one of the ships that supported the French operations were hit by the guns of the Tower of San Francesco . The city of "Manfred" So against siege in 1528 and was preserved French Emperor Charles V. The emperor himself and to alleviate riconpensarla of fidelity in 1533 reaffirmed the ancient privileges, exemptions and taxes. Under Charles V, the city enjoyed a period of happy progress and welfare

The landing of the Turks

Landing at the port of Manfredonia

Waterfront historic Manfredonia wrapped in a thick fog

Pedro Téllez-Girón y de la Cueva was deposed from the position of Viceroy of Naples by Philip III of Spain. He encouraged the Turks to come in the South, promising them the support of the Neapolitan people and so these 16 August 1620, high of 56 galleys commanded by Ali Pasha landed in Manfredonia. Be prepared in a short time the defenders were able to conquer the walls and ramparts, they opened fire from the Castle. The nuns of the convents with other citizens took refuge in the castle and after holding three days of hunger and exhausted with no hope of rescue capitulated 18 August 1620. During the assault were killed and seven hundred five hundred Manfredoniani Ottomans. The city was savagely looted and destroyed, nothing remained of the splendid medieval town years before bravely resisted Lautrec. The booty from the Turks was of 36 bronze cannons, all the church bells, a silver statue of San Lorenzo Maiorano, gold, silver, clothing, books, wheat, cereals etc. All documents were destroyed in the city, was burned the body of St. Lorenzo Maiorano (leaving only the right arm). Only the church of St. Mark's Cathedral next to the was slightly injured and it worked from the Cathedral to the construction of the new cathedral in 1640. The manfredoniani were also stripped of their clothes and abused, many of them flogged, killed and taken slaves. Among the prisoners too young Giacoma Beccarini a beautiful girl brought to Turkey as a gift to the Sultan, who was intrigued by the beauty of the girl. It became his favorite and was then the heir to the throne from James (who died at a young age). The Beccarini lived as a prisoner and sent to the nuns of St. Clare Manfredonia, where he lived years ago, a letter to find out news about his parents (who died during the sack) and two portraits of her and the nurse. The slow

reconstruction

After the descent of the Turks nothing remained of Manfred and of Anjou, but the little Church of San Marco with the time injured, part of the castle and the ancient walls. Archbishop Annibale Siponto down from the mountains to see the ruins of the Gargano said that the Turkish avalanche had left nothing but ruin, desolation, death and misery. These, aided by the cardinal, viceroy Borgia obtained exemptions for thirty years on Missing manfredoniani. In 1624 the cathedral was rebuilt in 1644 and the new seminary. Great reconstruction aid was given by Archbishop Cardinal Orsini (later Pope Benedict XIII was), who ruled the diocese Siponto 1675 to 1680. In 1737, it had a population Manfredonia of 536 inhabitants in 1749 to 3238. Only provide a public education teacher, whose remuneration amounted to 12 ducats a year in 1754 ^[2] . In 1783, by order of the archbishop at a cost of 200 ducats was transferred from the old cemetery located in the center of the city attached to the current location attached to the cathedral church of Santa Maria Humility. The first map of the city of Manfredonia occurred under Mayor Cipriano Giacinto April 22, 1787. Were established boundaries of the territory which touched the old Salpi (now Zapponeta) extending up to the Puglia Borgo Mezzanone, Ramatola with Santa Tecla, Farace, Chimney, Coppolachiatta, Colonel and below and from the mountains of Gargano Macchia (part of the municipality of Monte Sant'Angelo). In 1835, the road was completed and launched a Manfredonia Foggia-Manfredonia-communication from Cerignola, whose project was previously approved and implemented later. In the same year, many roads were paved internal Manfredonia and openness-to-wheel road-Manfredonia Monte Sant'Angelo. Only after the beginning of the nineteenth century, improved roads and port, it created a situation conducive to trade and the city again began to expand and grow. Evidence of this development is the fact that the town of Manfredonia in the eighteenth century was also the site of an important special courts, the Court Consulate of the Earth and Sea, which deals with disputes concerning maritime trade and foreign, as a study of Carmine de Leo. The twentieth century

Manfredonia Cathedral and Campanile of Orsini, 30s

In 1910, during a cholera epidemic, young people gathered in support of an association called "Green Cross" , which collaborated with the staff of the local health office ^[3] . It was the first city in Italy to be bombarded by Austrian ships during the First World War, the dawn of May 24, 1915. The railway station was hit with 100 bombs. Two plaques, one on its own in the station and another at the beginning of course remember the event.

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Card

Status:	Italy
Region: Puglia
Province: Foggia
Coordinates: Latitude	41.63333 ° N - Longitude 15.91667 ° E
Altitude: 5 m above sea level
Area:	356.93 km ²
Population: 57,332	April 2010
Density:	160.63 inhabitants / km ²
Fractions:	Siponto, South Coast ( Scialò and hippocampus), San Salvatore, Pastini Tomaiuolo, Ruggiano, Borgo Mezzanone.
Surrounded by	Carapelle, Cerignola, Foggia, Monte Sant'Angelo, San Giovanni Rotondo, San Marco in Lamis, Zapponeta
Zip code: 71043
Telephone Prefix	0884
ISTAT code: 071029
Land Code: E885
Class. Seismic: Zone 2	(seismicity media)
Class. Climate:	Zone D, 1523 GG
Inhabitants name:	manfredoniani, Siponto
Patron saint:	San Lorenzo Maiorano, Mary of St. Philip and Siponto Blacks
Day holiday:	February 7, August 30 The article "Manfredonia" is part of the encyclopedia Wikipedia and is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution / Share-Alike License